In the next section, we discuss what existing work in this area has demonstrated and highlight the importance of continuing to expand our understanding of the potential intersection of these risk factors. This degree of damage has widespread effects on a person’s overall physical and psychological health. In this state, the brain has become a diseased environment that relies on amphetamine effects to function.
Long-Term Effects of Adderall Use and Abuse -Symptoms & Risks
The brain quickly adapts to the surge in dopamine, meaning more of the drug is needed to get the same effects. This can start a cycle of increasing doses and frequency that leads to full-blown addiction. According to the University of Maryland, dextroamphetamine belongs to the Schedule II class of controlled substances, which makes for a high abuse and addiction potential.
What are long-term side effects of taking Adderall?
- Another ADHD medication, atomoxetine (Strattera), isn’t a stimulant, but it has been linked to seizures and irregular heartbeats.
- Chronic amphetamine use can also result in permanent paranoia and psychosis or hallucinations which can lead to prolonged depression and increased risk of suicide.
- Since over 95% of pharmaceutical amphetamines are either d-amphetamine or a mixture of d- and l-amphetamine salts, this review concentrates on these compounds.
- Do not use this medicine if you are using or have used an MAO inhibitor (MAOI), including isocarboxazid Marplan®, linezolid Zyvox®, phenelzine Nardil®, selegiline Eldepryl®, tranylcypromine Parnate®), within the past 14 days.
- He obtained his medical degree from West Virginia University where he also completed his residency training, finishing as chief resident.
Additionally, Adderall can cause insomnia, which may exacerbate any existing mental health problems. While some individuals use Adderall long-term for ADHD under medical supervision, misuse leads to long-term side effects of Adderall, including cardiovascular issues and mental health decline. Adderall is a prescription medication primarily used to treat ADHD and, in some cases, narcolepsy. Increasing the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, helps individuals with ADHD concentrate better and reduces impulsive behavior. When used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, Adderall can be a valuable tool in managing these conditions and improving the overall quality of life. When it comes to understanding Adderall, it is crucial to delve into its composition and purpose.
- The stronger the amphetamine and how regularly it is abused increases the risk of harmful side effects.
- Rather, systematic longitudinal and cross-sectional studies of the effects of prolonged human stimulant exposure are required.
- Australian methamphetamine users had 11 times the prevalence of psychosis found in the general population, and methamphetamine dependence further tripled the risk for psychosis, even after adjusting for prior history of psychotic disorders 193.
- Additionally, Adderall-induced vasoconstriction contributes to an increased cardiac workload by raising afterload, subsequently leading to LVH and impaired contractility.
Treatment and Recovery from Adderall Addiction
It often involves a combination of therapy, medication-assisted treatment, support groups, and lifestyle changes. It is crucial for individuals struggling with amphetamine addiction to seek professional help and surround themselves with a strong support system to increase their chances of successful recovery. Below are six known long-term effects that anyone who is using amphetamines should learn of to avoid serious consequences.
Amphetamines stimulate the release of endorphins such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin. These endorphins cause feelings of euphoria and pleasure, also known as feeling high. The euphoria can lead to a desire for more of the drug which can turn into strong cravings and addiction. Furthermore, sleep patterns often shift significantly, with many people experiencing changes in their sleep quality and duration.7 Poor sleep can cascade into other health issues, affecting immune function, cognitive performance, and emotional regulation. Another ADHD medication, atomoxetine (Strattera), isn’t a stimulant, but it has been linked to seizures and irregular heartbeats. The Treatment Options for Amphetamine Addiction include detoxification and withdrawal management, rehabilitation programs and therapeutic interventions, and aftercare and sustained support.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Amphetamine is in a class of medications called central nervous system stimulants. It works by changing the amounts of certain natural substances in the brain. Long-term Adderall misuse can cause severe and lasting damage to both physical and mental health.
This sudden drop in energy and motivation can lead to extreme exhaustion, irritability, and depressive symptoms. Some people take additional doses to avoid crashing, creating a cycle of dependence that increases the risk of addiction. Adderall misuse has become increasingly common, marijuana addiction especially among students and young professionals.
ADHD is characterized by hyperactivity, irritability, mood instability, attention difficulties, lack of organization, and impulsive behaviors. We gratefully acknowledge support from National Institute on Drug Abuse Grants DA022539, DA020726, and DA (EDL), the Addictive Disorders Research Foundation, and the Bette Amphetamine Addiction G. Lee Family Trust. Do not use this medicine if you are using or have used an MAO inhibitor (MAOI), including isocarboxazid Marplan®, linezolid Zyvox®, phenelzine Nardil®, selegiline Eldepryl®, tranylcypromine Parnate®), within the past 14 days. Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use. If you have specific questions about your use of Adderall, we encourage you to speak with your health care provider first. This book has helped so many men and women; and we want to give it you for FREE.